Abstract

The increasing prevalence of multiclass pesticide residues in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. To address this challenge, magnetic Fe3O4@Co5Al-LDH nanoparticles were synthesized as high-performance, easily recoverable catalysts for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-mediated degradation of epoxiconazole, atrazine, and metalaxyl. Under optimized conditions (pH 7.0, 35 mg catalyst, and 4.0 mM PMS), the system achieved 100% degradation of the three coexisting pesticides within 15 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that SO4− and •OH radicals were the primary reactive species driving the process. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified four intermediates for epoxiconazole, three for atrazine, and four for metalaxyl, facilitating the proposal of distinct degradation pathways. The degradation mechanism revealed that electron transfer between Fe/Co and PMS promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to dechlorination, hydroxylation, and dealkylation of the pesticides transiently adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4@Co5Al-LDH. In summary, this study demonstrates that Fe3O4@Co5Al-LDH is an easily recoverable, reusable, and cost-effective catalyst for the simultaneous remediation of complex pesticide mixtures in water.

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