Abstract

Background/Objectives: Pharmacists play a key role in managing urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms by providing medications, self-care advice, and over-the-counter treatments, while referring patients to a doctor when necessary. This study aimed to examine the practices of community pharmacists in managing UTI symptoms and to gain insight into their attitudes toward antibiotic use for this condition. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Serbia using a previously validated online questionnaire, assessed for content and face validity and pilot-tested among pharmacists. Results: A total of 430 community pharmacists participated in the study. Patients more often consulted pharmacists before visiting a doctor than after (median 5 vs. 3 per week; p < 0.001). For uncomplicated UTIs, pharmacists primarily recommended increased fluid intake (92.8%), herbal teas (94.7%), and food supplements (85.6%), whereas for complicated UTIs, most referred patients to a doctor (95.4%). Attitudes, perceived competence, and support for over-the-counter antibiotic availability were significantly associated with gender, years of experience, and specialization. Pharmacists who agreed that antibiotics are the most effective treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections were more likely to refer patients to a doctor (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Pharmacists are frequently consulted for UTI management and emphasize non-antibiotic approaches for uncomplicated cases. Their attitudes influence counseling practices, highlighting the need for standardized UTI counseling services, antimicrobial stewardship education, and structured communication training to support appropriate antibiotic use.

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