Abstract

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), characterized by high efficiency, zero carbon emissions, and low-temperature start-up capability, are among the most promising clean energy technologies. The design of flow channels and flow fields is critical for enhancing fuel cell power density, mitigating water flooding, and reducing costs. This paper systematically reviews the effects of key geometric factors in PEMFC flow fields and channels, including structural geometry, cross-sectional shape, and baffle design, on cell performance, with the aim of improving water management and enhancing PEMFC performance. Furthermore, the optimization of flow fields such as parallel, serpentine, and interdigitated configurations is reviewed as well. Particularly, the structural features and enhancement mechanisms of biomimetic and novel flow fields, as well as the advantages of three-dimensional flow fields in promoting mass transfer and improving water and thermal management, are discussed, thereby laying a foundation for the innovation and development of future high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

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