Abstract

To address the global challenge of desertification, it is essential to develop sustainable and biodegradable materials for sand fixation to support ecological restoration in arid regions. In this work, a CNS/PAM biocomposite system was constructed through the supramolecular assembly of highly flexible two-dimensional cellulose nanosheets (CNS) and polyacrylamide (PAM). Benefiting from the flexible layered structure of CNS and the abundant hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on their surface, a conformal coating and an interparticle bridging network were formed via hydrogen bonding and coordination interactions with mineral cations. The introduction of PAM further regulated the hydrogen-bonding network, which improved structural uniformity and mechanical integrity. The resulting composites showed strong resistance to both wind and water erosion (erosion loss < 0.1%) and reached a compressive strength of up to 0.23 MPa, while maintaining good environmental compatibility. This study clarifies the structure–interaction–property relationships of cellulose nanosheet-based supramolecular assemblies and provides a new theoretical basis and practical pathway for designing biodegradable sand-fixing materials.

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