Abstract

Conventional wheat planters often suffer from poor uniformity and stability in sowing depth. To address these issues, a new sowing depth adjustment method based on soil coverage regulation was proposed, and the corresponding working parameters were established for a twin-shaft rotary tillage wheat planter. Following the “shallow rotation + deep rotation” twin-shaft plot preparation scheme, the sowing depth adjustment unit’s mechanical structure was designed, and the dynamic adjustment unit of sowing depth and the twin-shaft rotary planter were designed and verified. The experiments primarily involved parameter optimization testing of the sowing depth adjustment unit to determine both its optimal structural configuration and range of operating parameters. Using quadratic regression orthogonal testing, the optimal operational parameters were determined as follows: a secondary rotary tillage knife group rotation speed of 330 r/min, an operational speed of 4 km/h, and a soil coverage adjustment mechanism distance of 610 mm. The highest qualified rate for seeding depth reached 99.246%, while the minimum seeding depth variation coefficient was 6.521%. Field trials indicated that with a secondary rotary tillage knife group rotation speed of 330 r/min, a working speed of 4 km/h, and a compaction roller adjustment distance of 610 mm, the seeding depth qualified rate was 98.803%, and the variation coefficient of seeding depth was 6.881%. This method enables precise regulation of sowing depth in twin-shaft rotary planters, significantly enhancing the quality of wheat sowing operations.

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