Abstract

Background: Immunosuppressed patients are at an increased risk for developing odontogenic and orofacial infections, which can present with atypical processes and features that may mimic rare but life-threatening infections such as Ludwig’s angina. Differentiating cellulitis from a deep neck space infection is often challenging in this population in acute settings due to a broad differential diagnosis and blunted inflammatory responses. This diagnostic uncertainty complicates acute risk stratification and may delay recognition of conditions requiring early airway evaluation and intervention. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 28-year-old male with chronic myelogenous leukemia on immunosuppression with dasatinib who developed unilateral facial swelling and severe odontogenic pain that was refractory to empiric antibiotic therapy. The patient’s presentation with rapid clinical progression, early trismus, submandibular involvement, and floor-of-mouth tenderness raised significant concern for evolving Ludwig’s angina. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated elevated inflammatory markers, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, further complicating early assessment. Imaging was promptly obtained to determine the nature of the infection, and the patient was admitted for intravenous antibiotic therapy and airway monitoring. Clinical improvement ensued. Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic overlap between facial cellulitis and Ludwig’s angina and underscores the importance of prompt imaging, airway monitoring, and clinical vigilance for risk stratification of immunocompromised patients in the acute setting to prevent life-threatening complications.

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