Abstract

In this work, a fire dynamics simulator numerical model of an industrial and commercial energy storage cabinet equipped with 280 Ah lithium iron phosphate cells is established; full-process quantitative analysis of heat dissipation and the total released mass of CO and H2 is realized; and the spatial–temporal evolution of the cabin temperature field, CO/H2 concentration field and flame spread is systematically captured. The results show that under fully closed conditions, the local peak temperature exceeds 700 °C; additionally, CO and H2 continuously accumulate inside the cabin, with their concentrations rising to a magnitude of 1000 ppm within 60 s after thermal runaway initiation. In contrast, the open-top structure forms an unobstructed buoyancy-driven venting channel, which guides high-temperature flue gas, CO and H2 to efficiently discharge outward. The results indicate that the peak temperature and peak concentrations of CO and H2 in the opened condition drop by more than 80% compared with the closed case. The designated top vent channel effectively cuts down the total residual mass of toxic and combustible gases inside the cabin and suppresses continuous heat accumulation, remarkably mitigating explosion and poisoning risks triggered by trapped heat and hazardous gas mixtures.

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