Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy composites reinforced with aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs), titanium nanoparticles (Ti NPs), and chopped E-Glass fibers, individually and in hybrid combinations. Thirteen compositions were systematically fabricated and characterized, spanning pure epoxy (PRC0), Al NP-series (PRA1–3), Ti NP-series (PRT1–3), Al NP/E-Glass hybrid series (PRAG1–3), and Ti NP/E-Glass hybrid series (PRTG1–3). The investigation evaluates the effects of these reinforcements on tensile strength, flexural strength, Shore D hardness, thermogravimetric stability, and microstructure. The PRTG2 composite (2 wt% Ti NP + 2 wt% E-Glass fiber) achieved the highest tensile strength of 80 MPa (33.3% improvement over pure epoxy) and the highest flexural strength of 115 MPa (43.75% improvement). These results demonstrate the superior reinforcing efficiency of Ti nanoparticles over Al nanoparticles and the synergistic benefit of combining nanoparticle and fiber reinforcements within a single epoxy matrix.

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