Abstract

Frequent reservoir navigation and the deployment of coastal refueling stations pose a potential risk of sudden petroleum contamination to the raw water in reservoirs, necessitating effective containment strategies. This study uses a river flow model and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a three-phase volume of fluid (VOF) approach to investigate vortex generation and synergistic oil removal mechanisms for containment drums and nets under varying submersion depths, flow velocities, and layout configurations. The simulation identifies a critical flow velocity for oil droplet entrainment failure of 0.23 m/s. A drum submersion depth of 1.5 cm generates stable upstream and downstream vortices that maximize oil–drum contact, whereas increasing the depth to 3.0 cm causes downstream vortex detachment, reducing contact time and leading to failure. For containment nets, the vertical double-layer deployment creates a low-velocity storage zone between layers, forcing oil to breach two barriers, while vertical tiling generates a static wall effect that prolongs oil residence time. In the combined drum–net system, the favorable vortex areas generated by both devices can be fully utilized to improve oil spill control. These findings demonstrate that optimizing drum submersion depth and net configuration significantly enhances oil containment efficiency, providing guidance for emergency response in source water reservoirs.

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