Abstract

This study examined whether barbell velocity can accurately predict relative load during a free-weight parallel squat performed with a deliberate pause between the eccentric and concentric phases in elite Portuguese rugby players. A repeated-measures design was used, in which 25 athletes completed an incremental loading protocol up to their one-repetition maximum (1-RM) on two occasions separated by four weeks. The relationship between mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and %1-RM was analyzed using polynomial regression, and a second-order prediction equation was developed. The model showed a very strong association between MPV and %1-RM (R2 = 0.95) with a standard error of estimate of 6.27 %1-RM, indicating good practical accuracy. Test–retest analyses demonstrated high stability of the load–velocity relationship (mean velocity difference: −0.01 ± 0.02 m·s−1). Compared with values reported in other athletic populations, first-division rugby players displayed distinct load–velocity profiles across the full loading spectrum, underscoring the influence of execution technique and population characteristics on load–velocity behavior. These findings support the use of individualized velocity-based prescriptions rather than generalized equations. In conclusion, this study provides a technique- and population-specific prediction equation for the paused parallel back squat, offering a novel and practical tool for regulating training intensity in elite rugby players.

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