Abstract

Background: Dysregulated immune cells contribute to Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify feature genes and immune infiltration patterns linked to chronic schistosomiasis-associated liver injury. Methods: Differential gene expression analysis was conducted using dataset GSE61376 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed via Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was applied to construct further characterization of molecular networks. LASSO regression and random forest algorithms were combined to screen hub genes, whose diagnostic efficacy was assessed by ROC analysis. CIBERSORT estimated immune cell infiltration, and GSEA explored pathways associated with hub genes. Results: A total of 412 DEGs were identified between chronic schistosomiasis and control groups. The green module from WGCNA exhibited significant correlation with chronic schistosomiasis (r = −0.85, p < 0.05). ANKMY2 and FCER1A were identified as hub genes with AUC values of 0.875 (95% CI, 0.500–1.000) and 0.792 (95% CI, 0.458–1.000). GSEA revealed associations with cytokine–receptor interaction and other signaling pathways. A total of 11 differentially distributed immune cell subsets were observed, and hub genes were correlated with multiple immune cell populations. Conclusions: ANKMY2 and FCER1A participate in liver injury of chronic schistosomiasis by regulating the hepatic immunopathological microenvironment. These two genes may serve as promising targets for immunotherapy against S. japonicum-induced liver injury.

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