Abstract

Background: Traditional cardiovascular risk models often overlook “residual risk” driven by psychopathological factors. This study investigates the exploratory prognostic baseline associations of Type D personality (TDP) and specific symptomatic dimensions with long-term all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We conducted a retrospective case study based on hospital records evaluating 221 patients with confirmed CAD. Anatomical complexity was quantified via the SYNTAX Score (SS). Psychological profiling utilized the DS14 scale for TDP and the SCL-90 for granular symptoms (depression, anxiety, and hostility). Mortality was analyzed over a mean follow-up of 1026 days using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Over a mean follow-up of 1026 days, the overall all-cause mortality rate was 33.0% (n=73). TDP prevalence was 19.0% (n=42) and significantly correlated with higher anatomical complexity (SS: 26.21 vs. 15.49; p<0.001). In the adjusted psychological model, baseline anxiety symptom severity presented an exploratory, borderline relationship with survival (HR = 0.941; p=0.049), with the 95% confidence interval upper bound reaching the null threshold (1.000), suggesting a potential, hypothesis-generating “Anxiety Paradox”. The psychological model demonstrated variations in descriptive validation indices (C-index = 0.624) compared to a baseline model integrating trait metrics and anatomical severity (C-index = 0.527). Significant correlations were confirmed between SS and psychological distress (r=0.493). Conclusions: TDP components and granular psychological tracks show significant baseline associations with coronary anatomical distributions, while anxiety dimensions present an exploratory relationship with long-term survival. Given the lack of adjustment for major clinical determinants of mortality (such as age, comorbidities, or ventricular function), these findings must be interpreted strictly as hypothesis-generating and exploratory.

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