Abstract

Background: The Gansu Heihe Provincial Nature Reserve harbors rich plant and animal resources, yet its coleopteran fauna has remained taxonomically and ecologically uncharacterized. To address this gap, we conducted the first systematic survey of beetle diversity across four representative transects—Youcaigou (I), Zhugou (II), Loufangya (III), and Sigou (IV)—and assessed variation in community structure using the Shannon–Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Berger–Parker dominance index, Pielou evenness index, and Jaccard similarity coefficient. Results: A total of 131 species belonging to 108 genera and 22 families were identified, establishing a comprehensive baseline of beetle diversity for the reserve. Cerambycidae was the most species-rich family (27 species), while Lampyridae, Staphylinidae, and Anobiidae were each represented by only a single species, reflecting marked unevenness in family-level composition. Diversity and community structure differed substantially among transects: Transect II showed the highest Shannon–Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness, Transect III the lowest diversity, and Transect IV the greatest dominance by a few species, while species richness declined in the order I > II > III > IV. Zoogeographic analysis revealed that widely distributed (Cosmopolitan) species predominated (83 species; 63.36%), with Palaearctic (21 species; 16.03%) and Oriental (27 species; 20.61%) elements also well represented, underscoring the reserve’s position at a key biogeographic transition zone. Within China, North China faunal elements were most prevalent (75.94%), with the North China–Northeast China distribution group alone accounting for 54.20% of species, whereas nationally widespread species comprised only 9.16%. Conclusions: This study provides the first systematic record of coleopteran diversity in the Gansu Heihe Provincial Nature Reserve, enriching the region’s biodiversity inventory and offering reference data for future insect monitoring and forest conservation. Further multi-seasonal, method-diversified surveys are needed to achieve a complete faunal inventory.

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