Abstract

Hermetic doors with high sealing performance are critically important for safety critical buildings, such as hospital operating rooms, biological laboratories, and underground shelters. Nevertheless, field-measured leakage data for such doors under extreme pressure conditions remain extremely scarce, and the underlying leakage characteristics remain largely unclear. In this study, the leakage rates of two sizes (1.2 m × 2.3 m and 4.8 m × 4.45 m) of hermetic doors were measured in a model structure using the fan pressurization method under extreme bipolar pressure (±1500 Pa) with stepwise loading. A correlation curve between the pressure differential and the leakage rate was subsequently established and adopted as a boundary condition in Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, and CFD simulations revealed that this curve conveniently calibrates the performance of high-airtightness doors in entire buildings. The results show that this equivalent boundary condition method effectively enhances the efficiency and accuracy of numerical simulations for complex structures, thereby providing a theoretical basis for future building designs requiring high airtightness and facilitating the calibration of leakage characteristics.

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