Abstract

Integrating geophysical techniques at two contrasting locations—fractured young lavas in southwestern Iceland and older layered basalts in eastern Iceland—constrains the structure and shear-wave velocity of the volcanic subsurface. The results show that relying on a single geophysical method often yields non-unique solutions that can obscure velocity profiles and overlook sharp structural contrasts. Findings from southwestern Iceland reveal that young, faulted ‘a‘ā flows have a complex architecture with shallow, eroded layers, resulting in a reduced Vs30. Conversely, older Miocene bedrock in eastern Iceland shows a well-layered, consolidated structure with a higher Vs30. We demonstrate that modelling Scholte waves from legacy marine seismic data can generate regional velocity models consistent with onshore measurements.

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