Abstract

The topology of spiking neural networks (SNNs) plays an important role in determining their dynamic representation ability, recognition performance, and biological interpretability in speech recognition. However, most existing SNN reservoirs are constructed using random, regular, or manually designed connectivity patterns, which may not reflect the functional organization of the human brain during speech perception. In this study, we propose a task-state fMRI-constrained SNN framework for speech recognition. Human fMRI data acquired during naturalistic English audiobook listening are used offline to derive a task-state whole-brain functional topology, which serves as a biologically inspired structural prior for the recurrent connectivity of the SNN reservoir. Because the fMRI and downstream isolated-digit recognition tasks use different speech paradigms, this topology is interpreted as a general speech-listening prior rather than a digit-specific neural representation. The Schaefer-400 cortical parcellation is used to define 400 whole-brain functional nodes, all of which are retained to preserve distributed cortical interactions during speech listening. Within this topology, 7 SomMotB_Aud parcels are identified as auditory core nodes and analyzed as an embedded auditory circuit. Compared with resting-state fMRI, task-state fMRI shows enhanced functional connectivity among these auditory nodes, indicating task-related auditory-circuit activation. The resulting 400-node task-state topology is mapped onto the recurrent connectivity of the SNN reservoir. This mapping is regarded as a topology-constrained computational abstraction rather than a direct model of biological information transmission. During recognition, speech spike trains are the only external input, while fMRI data are used only for offline topology construction. Experimental comparisons with baseline SNNs show that the proposed topology improves recognition performance and biological interpretability. Resting-state topology comparison, auditory-core contribution analysis, threshold-sensitivity analysis, and statistical testing are further used to evaluate robustness. These findings suggest that speech-evoked whole-brain functional organization may provide an effective topology prior for biologically inspired speech recognition models.

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