Abstract

In-vivo diabetes detection of glucose was sought using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW), with bismuth-immobilized carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCE), and skin tattoo painted wearable circuits. The optimum analytical results indicated sensitivity of 0.0781 μg/L peak signals on the BCE. The raw voltammogram was approached within the in vivo detection ranges of 10–90 μg/L, with preconcentration times of 50 s attained. The relative standard deviation was micro ranges under optimum conditions. The analytical detection limit (S/N) was attained at a nano range of 5.5 nM. The handmade microsensor was directly used in vivo on the living fish brain and human urine. The method was applied at real time in vivo, without requiring any pretreatment and other ionic electrolyte solutions. It can be used for medicinal and other materials requiring biological-fluid detection in real time. This study was designed to be suitable for real-time unmanned remote diagnosis and therapeutic drug injection into the body, micro-needle long-term administration, wearable artificial skin tattoo sensor, and real-time control. In addition, the glasses monitor was designed to be suitable for multitasking and multi-user control sensing.

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