Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely adopted in workplaces and has significantly influenced how employees perform their work. AI awareness may influence employees’ adaptation to AI-enabled workplaces and changing job demands. Grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory, our study tests the differential effects of AI challenge awareness and AI hindrance awareness on adaptive performance. Using three-wave survey data from 369 employees in manufacturing firms, we find that AI challenge awareness is positively related to adaptive performance, whereas AI hindrance awareness is negatively related to adaptive performance. Job crafting mediates the relationships between both forms of AI awareness and adaptive performance. Mindfulness positively moderates the relationship between job crafting and adaptive performance. Furthermore, mindfulness strengthens the positive indirect effect of AI challenge awareness on adaptive performance through job crafting while weakening the negative indirect effect of AI hindrance awareness through job crafting. The current study contributes to understanding how different forms of AI awareness impact adaptive performance. It also provides practical implications for how organizations can help employees adapt to AI-enabled workplaces.

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