Abstract

Background/Objectives: This paper synthesizes and evaluates the potential origins of ectopic salivary gland pathologies in the human nasopharynx. By combining historical reports with an original comparative analysis, this study aims to clarify the precise anatomical and functional status of the proposed tubarial salivary-type glands. Methods: A literature search through December 2025 across major electronic databases identified 84 relevant publications on nasopharyngeal glandular pathologies. The methodological quality in the histomorphological literature was evaluated using the AQUA tool. Concurrently, histological samples were harvested from the inner Eustachian tube opening/torus tubarius region of human, canine, and rodent cadavers and analyzed using histomorphological and immunohistochemical protocols. Results: Most of the literature addressing histologically indicated nasopharyngeal glandular pathology described these findings as controversial, largely overlooking salivary gland origins. The AQUA appraisal identified significant vulnerabilities, showing a high risk of bias in the Study Design domain and yielding moderate inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.435). The empirical morphological study revealed mixed glands with strong mucous predominance in the torus tubarius region of humans and dogs, whereas rodents displayed exclusive PAS positivity within a trabecular stroma. Human samples uniquely demonstrated distinct compartmentalization, duct- and capsule-like formations, and negative α-amylase immunoreactivity. Conclusions: Our pilot empirical evidence, combined with the literature data, suggests a possible pathogenetic link between specific nasopharyngeal neoplasms and the baseline glandular structures of the human torus tubarius. Exhibiting traits of both major and minor salivary systems, the tubarial glands may represent an intermediate structural entity. Furthermore, the animal models utilized do not provide a completely reliable translational framework, highlighting the need for standardized research using fresh human biopsies.

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