Abstract

Camera-based visual sensing provides a non-destructive and scalable approach for monitoring strawberry diseases and pests in greenhouse environments. However, greenhouse images acquired under practical cultivation conditions often contain early-stage tiny lesions, complex leaf backgrounds, uneven target scales, illumination variations, and partial occlusions, making accurate and efficient visual detection challenging. To address these issues, this study proposes YOLOv8n-DSLW (YOLOv8n enhanced by Dense reuse, Shuffle attention, LSKA–LAMP lightweight modeling, and Wise-IoU optimization), an AI-enabled vision-sensing detection model based on YOLOv8n for tiny strawberry disease and pest detection. Specifically, Shrink Residual Dense Block (ShrinkRDB) dense connection blocks and the C2f with Shuffle Attention (C2fSA) module are introduced to preserve weak lesion textures and suppress background interference in greenhouse visual data. A high-resolution P2 detection layer combined with Wise-IoU (WioU) dynamic regression loss is further incorporated to enhance tiny-target perception and localization. In addition, the Spatial Pyramid Pooling-Fast with Large Separable Kernel Attention (SPPF-LSKA) module strengthens contextual modeling under occlusion and clutter, while Layer-Adaptive Magnitude-based Pruning (LAMP) is adopted to mitigate model redundancy and improve the accuracy–efficiency balance. Experiments on a self-collected greenhouse strawberry disease and pest dataset show that YOLOv8n-DSLW achieves a mean Average Precision at 0.5 IoU threshold (mAP@0.5) of 94.3% and a mAP@0.5:0.95 of 77.5%, outperforming the YOLOv8n baseline. The final model has a parameter count of 4.386 M and a computational cost of 27.6 GFLOPs, achieving a frame rate of 45 FPS on the test workstation. It shows application potential for real-time visual monitoring in greenhouses under controlled data acquisition conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method improves tiny lesion detection under dense targets, complex backgrounds, and leaf occlusions, providing an AI-enabled vision-sensing framework for automated strawberry health monitoring in greenhouses. Nevertheless, due to limitations associated with imaging equipment, dataset representativeness, and the inherent constraints of the algorithm, further optimization and validation are required to support large-scale field deployment.

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